Things to Do in Polonnaruwa: A Complete Guide

If you’re planning to immerse yourself in Sri Lanka’s ancient past, then you’re in for a treat with Polonnaruwa.

Wander through the ancient ruins and temples, uncover stories of lost kingdoms and learn about the history and how it became the capital of Sri Lanka nearly 1000 years ago.

And if you like getting off the beaten path, to discover less crowded spots, compared to the popular Sigiriya Rock, then you must include Polonnaruwa to your Sri Lanka itinerary.

Tucked away in the North Central regions of the island, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a treasure trove.

When we visited Polonnaruwa, we didn’t realise how vast this ancient city really is. So, we chose to take a tuk-tuk to all the sights we wanted to see. And while it was a convenient way to get to see everything we wanted to, in such a short period of time, we look back and wish we had hired a bike and used pedal power to get us around.

Which is why, we have created this guide on the best things to do in Polonnaruwa. We’ll walk you through everything you need to help you plan your trip, from iconic ruins and serene pools to hidden gems and tips that’ll make your visit smooth and unforgettable.

We’ll even include our personal recommendation as a couple who have travelled through Sri Lanka with curiosity and love.

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Things to do in Polonnaruwa

In our opinion Polonnaruwa really pulls out all the stops. With incredible ancient ruins, sacred temples, and giant centuries-old royal palaces.

And it is less crowded than the likes of Anuradhapura, Sigiriya Rock and the southern beach destinations.

That way, you can enjoy a more peaceful and immersive experience.

So, we have compiled our recommendations on places you can’t miss, when visiting Polonnaruwa.

Archaeological Museum

This should be your first stop on your tour around Polonnaruwa.

Inside you’ll learn about Polonnaruwa’s history, visit the different rooms that are dedicated to different parts of the town. Such as the citadel, the outer city, and the monastery area.

You’ll find detailed model reconstructions, and artifacts on display. It offers an overview of what life would have been like, when this would have been a thriving capital.

You’ll want to spend between 30-45 minutes taking in all the information, before going off to visit the ruins left behind.

Royal Palace

This would have once been a magnificent structure, built by Parakramabahu I, but is now left to ruins.

The structure would have measured 31m by 13m with a 3m thick wall and would have been around seven storeys tall. It is believed that this structure would have had 50 rooms in total.

While what remains doesn’t look much, but at its time, it would have been a grand palace fit for a king.

What remains of the Royal Palace in Polonnaruwa

Audience Hall

Only a short stroll from the Royal Palace is the Audience Hall, that is adorned with elephant sculpted around the parameter, all in a different poses.

As you climb the steps, your greeted by some fine lions.

An excellent Instagram worthy shot.

Vatadage

Located within the Quadrangle and is hands down one of the most spectacular structures in Polonnaruwa.

The outer terrace forms the circular relic house. As you climb the stairs to the central platform, you are greeted with four incredible seated Buddha statues at each of the cardinal points.

The moonstone at the entrance is one to look out for, with the elephants and other animals sculpted into the stone.

The Vatadage, with a Buddha Statue at one of the cardinal points

Hatadage

This two storey building is said to have been built in just 60 hours. Seems impossible, when you think back to what type of tools they would have had to build it.

It is thought that it once housed the tooth relic of Buddha.

It looks in a bit of a sorry state now.

Atadage

There isn’t much left to this structure, but it is believed to have been a shrine for the tooth relic.

Rankot Vihara

Rankot Vihara is the largest dagoba in Polonnaruwa standing at 54m and the fourth largest in the island.

The shape is like the dagoba in Anuradhapura and consists of the same material.

Gal Vihara

These Buddha statues that are depicted in different positions, was sculpted from one long granite slab.

Each have a different position.

One is seated, the standing buddha is at a height of 7m and finally the reclining Buddha is 14m in length.

Cycle through the ancient city ruins.

This is the most popular and scenic way to explore Polonnaruwa.

You can cycle at your own pace, visit the must-see sights, without being restricted.

This is one of the regrets we had, when visiting Polonnaruwa.

We’d wished we had hired bikes, rather than hire a tuk-tuk.

Although going by tuk-tuk was convenient and definitely a great way to see everything in such a short period of time. But it’s all about the experience and we felt it just lacked some of that by tuk-tuk.

There are plenty of bike places around, especially near the ticket office. Or you could check out this excellent private guided tour on bikes in Polonnaruwa.

AND it is perfectly safe to cycle around Polonnaruwa. Just be mindful that in some areas you’ll be cycling on the road, so watch for other traffic.

How to plan you visit to Polonnaruwa

For a hassle-free experience, here’s some tips to help you plan your visit to Polonnaruwa.

How much time do I need in Polonnaruwa

In our experience, Polonnaruwa is completely doable within just 1 day. Many of the must-see places to visit in Polonnaruwa are within a short distance of each.

For example, the Quadrangle includes the Vatadage, Hatadage, Gal Pota, and the Atadage within a small complex and just seconds away from each other.

If you have some extra time available and you would like to spend a couple of days in Polonnaruwa, then you could split it up over the two days.

You might want to do an afternoon in one area and then the second day cover another area.

That way you won’t feel so rushed and it will give you the chance to really explore some hidden gems along the way.

When to visit Polonnaruwa

The best time to visit Polonnaruwa is between December and April.

To avoid the crowds and the heat, visit either early morning, or late afternoon.

Should you hire a guide or go solo

In our experience you really don’t need a guide as you can do it yourself.

There are plaques at each spot to tell you more about the structures.

But, with a guide they can give you more in-depth information about each spot and take you to some of the most popular and less-known sites.

If you are on a tight budget, then we would recommend just do it yourself.

On the other hand, if you want more information that isn’t already there, then paying for a knowledgeable guide could be worth it.

We personally didn’t hire a guide, we just asked the tuk-tuk driver to take us to each place we wanted to see, and we explored at our own pace.

What to wear and pack

Dress modestly – Since some of the ruins are religious sites, it’s important that you dress modestly. This includes covering the shoulders and knees.

A sarong or scarf is ideal to cover up where required.

Plenty of water – It can get very hot in Polonnaruwa, so water is essential to prevent dehydration. Take enough water for the trip.

Sun protection – Which leads us onto sun protection. Take sunscreen, hat and sunglasses to protect you from the hot sun.

Sun burn isn’t fun.

Essential bike gear – If you choose to cycle around Polonnaruwa, then a helmet is a must. You can usually get this with your bike hire, if not enquire where to get a helmet from.

How to get to Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa is well connected by bus or train.

The main bus station is located at Kaduruwela, which is about 4km from the Old Town. From there take a tuk-tuk to Polonnaruwa.

Buses run from Colombo, Anuradhapura, Dambulla and Kandy to Polonnaruwa.

There is a train station in Kaduruwela. The main line is from Batticaloa and Colombo to the train station.

Where to stay in Polonnaruwa

There are a variety of options to stay from budget-friendly to luxury accommodation.

We have handpicked a range of places to stay:

Sunset Tourist Home

Thisara Guest House

Devi Tourist Home

Jayaru Guest House

Tishan Holiday Resort

Where to eat in Polonnaruwa

After a day or half day cycling around Polonnaruwa, you’ll need something to refuel you, and what better way, than with these best places to eat in Polonnaruwa.

Ariya Rest House

Jaga Food

Common Mistakes to avoid

There are some common mistakes travellers make and here is how to avoid them, when visiting Polonnaruwa, that will make the visit smooth, enjoyable and way more rewarding.

Not having enough time

This shouldn’t be a flying visit, as Polonnaruwa is a sprawling archaeological park that’s packed with incredible sites. You’d need at least a day to really explore at your own pace, rather than rushed.

Create an itinerary that is realistic and well balance, without feeling too rushed.

If you’re looking for the ideal itinerary, then check out our ultimate Sri Lanka route planer. We have crafted three different routes that accommodate for a different style of travel, plus bonus travel itinerary and more. You can find out more here.

Not starting early

Trust us the midday heat can be extremely hot. Walking or cycling around the ruins during this time can be draining, tiring and exhausting. And we are talking from experience here.

Start early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and the crowds. You’ll thank us for it later.

Plus, this is the ideal time to take photographs for your Instagram feed as the light isn’t so harsh.

Ignoring the lesser-known ruins

While the main sites are incredible there are some lesser-known ruins that are just as amazing and shouldn’t be missed off your list of things to do in Polonnaruwa.

Not bringing enough water and snacks

Within the ancient ruin complex, there isn’t many vendors, shops or stalls, so come prepared.

Water is essential and must always be in your backpack.

Bring some snacks to keep your energy levels up, especially if you are cycling between each ruin.

By avoiding these mistakes, you’ll enjoy a memorable and magical experience.

Conclusion

As you wander through the timeless ruins of Polonnaruwa, take some time out and take in the tranquility of the place.

Wander what this magical kingdom would have once been like during its heyday. Stand in the shade of a crumbling stone wall and listen out for the distant birdsong.

This shouldn’t be a place to just tick off your Sri Lanka bucket list. Polonnaruwa is a place to slow down, reflect and feel.

Our biggest piece of advice! Don’t rush it. Cycle at your own pace, pause beneath the trees, take detours to the lesser-known ruins and let your imagination wander.

If you’re seeking something off the beaten path, more spiritual and richer in history, then Polonnaruwa is the escape that you need.

We hope that with this guide on things to do in Polonnaruwa makes you feel prepared and ready to explore yourself without a tour guide.

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